Jacob’s Sons Seek Revenge
November 26, 2020
Commentary
A very tragic story unfolds in this chapter. Dinah, Jacob’s daughter by Leah, who must have been about 14 years of age, ended up having physical relations with Shechem, the son of Hamor (vv. 1-2). When Jacob’s family found out, her two brothers, Simeon and Levi, were infuriated. They could think of nothing but swift vengeance.
At first an offer for material things was made by Hamor and turned down as Simeon and Levi took over the negotiations (vv. 8-13). They spoke deceitfully by saying they were not evaluating the wrong done to them in terms of riches but in terms of religious principles (v. 14). They said that before they could consider a marital alliance the Canaanite men must all accept their basic religious premise of being circumcised v. 15). They promised further marriage alliances and the uniting of their two tribes into one. If they refused, they would take Dinah and leave (vv. 16-17). This was a deceptive offer. They never expected the men of Shechem to accept it, but they all did and were circumcised (vv. 18-24). While all these men were suffering from this painful operation Simeon and Levi massacred every man in the place and Dinah was dragged back home (vv. 25-26). Jacobs other sons took all their possessions and families (vv. 27-29). Jacob was alarmed and troubled by all of this (vv. 30-31). He feared retaliation from the other Canaanites tribes in the region.
Application
I want to be a person who always pays good back for evil and never seeks to take revenge.
Genesis 34:1– 31 (NET)
1 Now Dinah, Leah’s daughter whom she bore to Jacob, went to meet the young women of the land. 2 When Shechem son of Hamor the Hivite, who ruled that area, saw her, he grabbed her, forced himself on her, and sexually assaulted her. 3 Then he became very attached to Dinah, Jacob’s daughter. He fell in love with the young woman and spoke romantically to her. 4 Shechem said to his father Hamor, “Acquire this young girl as my wife.” 5 When Jacob heard that Shechem had violated his daughter Dinah, his sons were with the livestock in the field. So Jacob remained silent until they came in.
6 Then Shechem’s father Hamor went to speak with Jacob about Dinah. 7 Now Jacob’s sons had come in from the field when they heard the news. They were offended and very angry because Shechem had disgraced Israel by sexually assaulting Jacob’s daughter, a crime that should not be committed.
8 But Hamor made this appeal to them: “My son Shechem is in love with your daughter. Please give her to him as his wife. 9 Intermarry with us. Let us marry your daughters, and take our daughters as wives for yourselves. 10 You may live among us, and the land will be open to you. Live in it, travel freely in it, and acquire property in it.”
11 Then Shechem said to Dinah’s father and brothers, “Let me find favor in your sight, and whatever you require of me I’ll give. 12 You can make the bride price and the gift I must bring very expensive, and I’ll give whatever you ask of me. Just give me the young woman as my wife!”
13 Jacob’s sons answered Shechem and his father Hamor deceitfully when they spoke because Shechem had violated their sister Dinah. 14 They said to them, “We cannot give our sister to a man who is not circumcised, for it would be a disgrace to us. 15 We will give you our consent on this one condition: You must become like us by circumcising all your males. 16 Then we will give you our daughters to marry, and we will take your daughters as wives for ourselves, and we will live among you and become one people. 17 But if you do not agree to our terms by being circumcised, then we will take our sister and depart.”
18 Their offer pleased Hamor and his son Shechem. 19 The young man did not delay in doing what they asked because he wanted Jacob’s daughter Dinah badly. (Now he was more important than anyone in his father’s household.) 20 So Hamor and his son Shechem went to the gate of their city and spoke to the men of their city, 21 “These men are at peace with us. So let them live in the land and travel freely in it, for the land is wide enough for them. We will take their daughters for wives, and we will give them our daughters to marry. 22 Only on this one condition will these men consent to live with us and become one people: They demand that every male among us be circumcised just as they are circumcised. 23 If we do so, won’t their livestock, their property, and all their animals become ours? So let’s consent to their demand, so they will live among us.”
24 All the men who assembled at the city gate agreed with Hamor and his son Shechem. Every male who assembled at the city gate was circumcised. 25 In three days, when they were still in pain, two of Jacob’s sons, Simeon and Levi, Dinah’s brothers, each took his sword and went to the unsuspecting city and slaughtered every male. 26 They killed Hamor and his son Shechem with the sword, took Dinah from Shechem’s house, and left. 27 Jacob’s sons killed them and looted the city because their sister had been violated. 28 They took their flocks, herds, and donkeys, as well as everything in the city and in the surrounding fields. 29 They captured as plunder all their wealth, all their little ones, and their wives, including everything in the houses.
30 Then Jacob said to Simeon and Levi, “You have brought ruin on me by making me a foul odor among the inhabitants of the land—among the Canaanites and the Perizzites. I am few in number; they will join forces against me and attack me, and both I and my family will be destroyed!” 31 But Simeon and Levi replied, “Should he treat our sister like a common prostitute?”